A long time ago in Europe, during the Renaissance period, a great master of science Leonardo da Vinci, discovered the presence of a physiological foot pump in the human body which can store plantar venous plexus of blood, but until he died, due to limitations with technology, it was not possible to find what effect the plantar venous plexus had on the human body.


In 1983, two British doctors, Gardner and Fox described a previously unrecognized physiological pumping mechanism in the sole of the foot. The veins in the sole of the foot act as a very powerful natural blood pump during walking, and rely on weight bearing on the soles of the feet caused during walking to work. With every step, the plantar arch is flattened, causing the venous plexus to empty. This action sends a column of blood from the foot, up the leg to heart, and when the foot is lifted off the ground, the blood returns to the plexus. This process takes place every time we walk or run. 


As blood flows through the arteries, it pushes against the inside of the artery walls. The more pressure the blood exerts on the artery walls, the higher the blood pressure will be. Blood pressure is highest when the heart beats to push blood out into the arteries. When the heart relaxes to fill with blood again, the pressure is at its lowest point. Blood pressure when the heart beats is called systolic pressure. Blood pressure when the heart is at rest is called diastolic pressure. 


The study's show that the quantity of blood ejected from the sole of the foot during contraction to be 20–30 ml, and the average duration of each cardiac ejection 75 ml. As a result we can see that the Physiological foot pump is an important assistant to heart!


This knowledge of a physiological foot pump may be the root of a Chinese saying which goes: “When a person gets old, the legs get old first.” The older we get, the less physically active we become, as a result, the physiological foot pump does not work very effectively for the heart and the heart does not pump as powerfully as it used to, this means that it’s not able to meet the body's needs, as a result, the risk of heart disease increases. It is important to note poor blood circulation in the lower legs can lead to heart attack and stroke.


Arteriovenous foot pump as a "physiological foot pump" bionic therapy equipment. It is has been developed to mimic the natural effects of walking by inflating a small balloon that presses on the bottom of your foot. The pressure from the inflated balloon activates the plantar venous plexus and sends blood back up to your heart. This increased circulation is important for people who spend a considerable amount of time in bed or sitting upright because blood can pool in the bottom of the feet. This device is also called "Walking in Bed". 


How can the Bionic Arteriovenous foot pump achieve a good treatment effect? The balloon at the bottom of the foot is inflated at a high speed and reaches the set pressure in 0.2 seconds; it is then deflated through the pad perforations, which is completed by the central deflation system of the device. This action helps to flatten the plantar plexus and completely evacuate blood from the bottom of the foot, and then slowly fill the soles of the feet with blood.


This is a key part of the Arteriovenous foot pump. Why is the impact of velocity airflow important? According to the kinetic energy equation E = 1/2MV2, assume the inflation rate of the similar blood pressure is 0.2 seconds to 5 seconds. The velocity difference between the two inflation is 25 times, it is equivalent to the speed of one car traveling at 250 km / h and another traveling at 10 km / h, the difference between the kinetic energy is 625 which is huge. The first car can hurl an object it collides with much further the second car due to the public difference in kinetic energy. In the same respect, blood that is pumped from the foot at a greater velocity (0.2second inflation) can travel much further up the body than blood pumped at a lower velocity (5 second inflation). At this point, we can understand why the foot massages or foot stimulation equipment does not have the effect of accelerating the flow of blood.


Clinical studies, conducted with the help of venographs show that in a patient using a foot pump in the standing position, venous blood pumped from the foot using a foot pump can be seen traveling at high velocity up through the knee and even hip joints. The blood pump has proven to maintain consistent flow against gravity.


According to B-mode images, we can see that when the foot receiving A-V Foot Pump pulse femoral vein peak velocity is 9.0 cm / sec up to 48.2 cm / sec, as much as 5 times of resting status. Due to venous circulation of the artery for 30 minutes, the popliteal artery blood flow velocity increased 50-130%.


Physiological research has helped medical workers to discover that a similar pumping mechanism exists in the palm of the hand, it works in the same way as the pumping mechanism in foot and is activated when we clench and unclench our hands. The A-V Foot Pump can enhance circulation in the arms by applying impulse compression to the hand.


Acute swelling of the hand is a common problem after trauma or surgery and is associated with both pain and loss of function. When the hand receives treatment from A-V Foot Pump pulse, the venous flow rate increases from 15 cm / s to 60 cm / sec, an increase of 400%.


Arteriovenous foot pump is widely used to treat the following conditions:


 1. Peripheral vascular and other types of peripheral artery diseases 
 2. Leg swelling (Edema) of a limb
 3. Veins Varicose or Veins Leg Ulcers 
 4. Upper-extremity lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer 
 5. Prevention of Deep venous thrombosis 


In short, A-V Foot Pump in addition to the role of fast circulation can also be helpful for the heart and other diseases.